Sunday, August 23, 2009

Praxis: Surviving an Expedient Ambush Roadblock While Traveling by Vehicle


My thanks to Pete at WRSA for clueing me into this post from John Wesley Rawles' Survival Blog. I invite comments.

Mike
III

Surviving an Expedient Ambush Roadblock While Traveling by Vehicle, by M.W.

In the days following a societal collapse, there will be some people who will be on the move from where the problems exist to where they hope safety lies. There can be many reasons why people are on the move, and an equal number of reasons why someone else may wish to stop your progress. Getting on the move and out of a hostile area as early as possible in the wake of a collapse is a significant key to one’s survival, as well has having buddies to cover you during your travel.

The sooner you get on the road, the less your chances of encountering problems. A few people will recognize the early signs of collapse and get moving out of town long before traffic becomes a problem. Others will recognize the issue within twenty-four hours after the event takes place, and will be on the leading edge of the traffic during the exodus. The majority will not realize the seriousness until it is too late. These people will get caught-up in the traffic jam that will rival the exodus of Houston during Hurricane Rita, where I-45 and I-10 were packed full of cars stopped on the highway for 100 miles. Many people ran out of gas on the side of the road and found themselves without food or water since they had only moved a few miles in four hours.

You may be a well prepared family, but for one reason or another are caught on your heels when a collapse occurs. This leads you to stay put longer than you would have liked, but you have no better tactical choices but to lay low at home or work for a few days before bugging out. You do not want to get caught in a highway traffic jam following a collapse. If you get stuck, you will have to leave most of what you packed into your vehicle(s) and move out on foot amongst the thousands of ill-prepared people on the roads doing things they would never have considered during normal times.

Those who are forced to wait out the initial exodus and are moving out of urban areas several days or weeks after the collapse will have a higher probability of coming in contact with an expedient ambush roadblock, both in the city and on rural roads outside of small towns. An expedient ambush roadblock is one set-up in haste with readily available materials and personnel. There will be plenty of desperate people who were caught unprepared for such an event; their lack of morals and innate nature to survive will drive them to take from others, with deadly force if necessary. It is your job to protect your family and yourself from these threats, especially when on the move.

While traveling in a vehicle on the roads, you may encounter various types of roadblocks or ambush points. Some may be fairly elaborate, while others may be quite simple. All are equally deadly. The primary tactic you will need to thread your way safely through one of these expedient ambush roadblocks is what I call R.O.C.S.:

Recognition, Observation, Covering Fire, and Speed.

Recognition:

Recognizing that something you see ahead is a potential ambush site is the first key to success. An ambush site can appear as a traffic accident (as illustrated in Patriots), a fallen tree near or on the road, abandoned/broken down vehicles, anything blocking all or part of the road, detours, refugees, high ground on one or both sides of the road, bridges, and anything that looks like it does not belong on, or near, a road. These are the types of expedient ambush sites that someone may quickly create in the days following a societal collapse. It is up to whomever is leading, to recognize that a potential exists and to move into the observation phase.

Observation:

Once you recognize a likely ambush point (LAP), you have two choices: divert your course and completely avoid the circumstance, or observe and evaluate the site. You can either stop well short of the potential ambush point and observe through a scope or binoculars, or have a passenger continue to observe while on the move.

Observation is a form of Intel. Look for signs of movement, or things that seem out of place. Reverse what you see and put yourself in the place of the ambusher. Where would you hide? How would you set it up? How many people would you need to pull off an ambush? What weapons would you use? What tactics would you employ? What is your end game?

At this point, you need to determine if what you see is worth the risk of approach or if you need to turn around and find a different route (if possible). Anyone traveling with you should also evaluate the situation and help with risk assessment.

Once a decision is made to approach and pass the observed site, cover[ing fire] is needed.

Covering Fire:

This is a two or more person/vehicle job. This means that if it is just you, your wife and the kids, that you need to move out of town in two vehicles. Hopefully you have friends traveling with you to a new location who also have a vehicle and weapons. For [overwatching] cover[ing fire] during the operation, the lead vehicle stops at a distance from the LAP that is within the range of the weapon being employed. For most weapon platforms a good distance is 100-300 yards. This ensures accurate shots and plenty of ballistic energy. The lead vehicle should place their vehicle at a 45-degree angle to the direction of travel and the weapon system should then be employed across the hood so that the engine block provides a [limited] ballistic shield for those person(s) providing cover[ing fire].

The trailing vehicles should move past the lead vehicle with Speed. Once beyond the LAP, those vehicles stop and provide cover for the other vehicle(s) yet to pass through the site. Again, the vehicles that have already passed the LAP should stop within range of the weapon(s) being employed and turn their vehicles 45-degrees to the road and take personal cover behind the engine, covering the passage of the trailing vehicles.

[JWR Adds: The concept of covering fire is actaully better termed suppressive fire. The term "cover", properly, only applies to barriers that provide ballistic protection to those behind them. So "covering fire" does not provide cover, nor concealment, only supression!]

Speed:

Passing through the LAP with adequate speed, and setting up a covering position on the far side for the trailing vehicles as fast as possible is key to minimizing exposure for all concerned. You do not want to drive so fast that you could lose control of your vehicle if you suddenly had to swerve or take significant evasive action.

Having short-range communications for these types of situations is also a smart idea. This can be done with CB radios, or inexpensive GMRS/eXRS two-way radios.

Radios will be especially helpful during nighttime operations of this type. When the lead vehicle can communicate to trailing vehicle(s) that there is a LAP ahead, this can start a desired chain reaction that can significantly increase the odds of surviving one of these situations. Communications can also be an aid when the lead vehicle passes an unseen ambush point and can radio a warning to following vehicles, which can immediately render covering fire and/or take evasive actions.

The following is a fictitious scenario using all of the aforementioned, with three families in three vehicles approaching a potential ambush site seen from one mile away. The cars are traveling 200 yards apart. (After the SHTF, when traveling by foot or vehicle, travel should always be conducted in tactical columns, where a specified distance is maintained between people or vehicles. Staying too close together and/or tailgating are unacceptable risks after SHTF, when traveling.)

Lead vehicle (vehicle 1): “LAP ahead, one mile”

Trailing vehicles stop in place, while vehicle 1 moves forward another 1/2-mile and evaluates the LAP. The lead vehicle stops and uses 10x50 binoculars to scan the area. No movement is noticed, but it looks like a large tree was dropped across one lane of the highway. The base is obviously recently cut, and there are no other dead trees nearby. The leaves still have a greenish tint and have not yet browned, but are wilted.

Lead vehicle radios the trailing vehicles: “No movement seen, there is a way past the LAP on the opposite shoulder and grass. Watch the tree line on the right side of the road. Lots of dense cover there. We will move ahead to 200 yards and set-up.”

The lead vehicle approaches slowly to within 200 yards while the trailing vehicles move to within ½ mile away. The lead vehicle stops in the road and turns to 45-degrees to the direction of travel and both occupants exit the drivers side and set up across the hood with their AR-10 rifles with ACOG scopes.

Lead vehicle radios the trailing vehicles: “Go!”

The first trailing vehicle (vehicle 2) gets up to speed and approaches the LAP while the lead vehicle continues to scan the LAP through their scopes, ready to fire upon any threat. The vehicle passes the LAP with no problems and goes 200 yards beyond and sets up an overwatch position on the other side, careful to orient themselves so as not to fire upon the vehicles on the other side. They are covering with scoped AR-10s scanning the LAP.

Vehicle 2 radios: “We are through and set up. Go!”

While vehicles 1 and 2 maintain covering positions, the last vehicle (vehicle 3) gets up to speed and starts to pass the LAP. As they do so, gunfire erupts from the tree line (in this instance, the ambushers were caught unaware by the first vehicle and were alert when the next one came through.) Vehicles 1 and 2 open fire on the tree line, while the passenger in vehicle 3 opens fire while passing the ambush.

Once beyond the ambush point, vehicle 3 sets up 220 yards on the other side of the ambush to the rear and right of vehicle 2, and provides covering fire along with vehicle 2.

Vehicle 3 radios: “We’re set. Covering. No fire from the trees. Go!”
Vehicle 1 remounts and charges through the ambush point with no gunfire coming from the tree line. They drive beyond the other two vehicles and all personnel remount their vehicles and resume their travels.

At this point, it would be wise to find a secure place to stop and evaluate your persons and vehicles. You don’t need to stop all jumbled together, especially if there is more than one person per vehicle and everyone has a radio. Each vehicle stops a couple hundred yards apart and while one person provides cover, the other goes over the vehicle and passengers, looking for trouble.

You would want to check the tires, engine soft points (hoses, belts, etc.) and look for leaks (anti-freeze, fuel, oil, hydraulic fluid, etc.) Be sure to check each other carefully as adrenaline will be high and a person who has been shot or injured may not feel a wound at this point. Address any issues as quickly as possible and continue moving.

Other Considerations

Stopping to evaluate and/or cover a position may not be advisable in some circumstances. You do the best you can at evaluating while on the move, radioing your findings to your travel companions, and then pushing through. This is where speed comes in to play. The faster you can get through the LAP the better your chances of survival. Your passenger (if you have one) helps with navigation, assessing threats, and provides cover during the encounter.

Choosing weapons is always a difficult decision, especially if you are going to be defending your life with them. For situations such as the one presented above, the longer the effective range of the weapon, the further away you can stay from the LAP, increasing your chances of survival. You must also consider that just because you can easily shoot a M1A or even a .50 Barrett, your wife or teenager may not be able to adequately handle such a weapon in a life-or-death cover fire situation. [So a .223, 5.45x39, or 7.62x39mm rifle may be more apropos.]

Having a scope on your weapon will also increase your shot accuracy and your ability to observe the area for movement while your weapon system is employed. We all want to be accurate with open sights at long ranges, but if you are trying to hit the small exposed body part of a person behind cover at 250 meters, it is easier to find the body part to shoot at with a scope. People do not always present themselves as a nice squared-up silhouette like at a shooting range. When your target has taken cover, you may only get to see the top of a head, or part of an arm or leg. Putting a bullet in an extremity might not kill them, but it may take them out of the fight.

For night operations, having some form of night vision technology could become critical. These systems allow you to see through the darkness and into the darkest of shadows. Generation I systems are only adequate to about 50 meters and cost under $200. Generation I+ systems have a little more clarity and cost $300-500. Generation II and II+ systems can now be had for less than $1,000 new, and can be found cheaper from time to time in the used marketplace. These go up to $3,500 depending on features and manufacturer, and have a range from 100 to 200 meters with quite clear optics for the price. Generation III night vision has come down quite a bit and can be had for $3,500-$5,500. Personally, I cannot see enough difference between quality (with the exception of extended recognition range) of the Gen II and Gen III night vision to compel me to spend the extra $2,500+. There is also "Generation IV" night vision, which I know very little about. Prices seem to be in the $4,500-5,500 range.

A Gen II, III, or IV night vision monocular could be a life saver, especially if you can get one that comes with an optional weapons mount.

11 comments:

armed_and_christian said...

Good stuff. Thanks Mike!

CorbinKale said...

Good article. I noticed one 'urban legend' type bit, though. There is no such animal as Gen IV night vision. Gen III got updated with some new, outstanding, I might add, Pinnacle III auto-gated tubes. Anyone selling 'Gen IV' night vision is using a marketing ploy on those who have not researched the subject.

I got mine here-
http://www.tacticalnightvision.com/index.htm

Victor will be happy to answer your questions about NV. Customer service was great, and the quality is the best available.

I don't often endorse companies, but this subject is so important because of the high value of our lives and money, I feel compelled to make this exception.

Mike, I understand if you want to hold this post. I only offer this info in the interests of having the IIIpers better equipped than those we may face. Victor is a guy you can trust.

pdxr13 said...

The notion of "convoy with communication" can not be over-emphasized. If the bad guys are watching/listening, they may decide that the risk/reward is too expensive for them and stay hidden.

BadGuys want to trap one vehicle at a time, with no help possible. This is a post-cellular telephone scenario, but cel dead-zones are common outside of urban areas now, so there would be no 911, pizza delivery, etc.

South Africans daily face carjacking and ambush and have come up with pretty decent countermeasures (considering that regular/good people are almost completely disarmed). Web search.

Cheers.

Anonymous said...

Reading this is cool, but a part of me wants to say this:

You city folk, NOT wanting to contribute to the rural community during the good years, WILL be ambushed in the lean years. Stay home. Or, get out here and start being part of the preps. Now. But the Johnny-Come-Lately's aren't all that welcome.

Doc Enigma said...

Hey, Anonymous, part of ME wants to say this to you:

I've been both city and country folk, living for years in both environments. I happen to still have property 'in the country'. I, as well as my many friends who visit, always support the local economy when I'm able to get to my personal property still in the country.

So, stick your "us vs. them" mentality. The armed citizenry doesn't need it, especially now. Should the time come when folks must leave the more densely populated areas to survive or get to an AO from which to operate, feral dogs who prey on people passing through to their own property, or property they've been invited to, won't fare so well. Especially those who view other Constitutional Americans as "outsiders".

We're on the same side here, and you are completely out of line with your "part of me" comment.

Gett the drift?

theirritablearchitect said...

James Wesley Rawles.

pdxr13 said...

Anonymous said...


"You city folk, NOT wanting to contribute to the rural community during the good years, WILL be ambushed in the lean years. Stay home. Or, get out here and start being part of the preps. Now. But the Johnny-Come-Lately's aren't all that welcome."

How is it that rural murder squads will distinguish between people going to somewhere where they are wanted and people who are coming to overwhelm a small town with useless soon-hungry maybe-armed city folks?

Neither kind deserves to be ambushed and killed on the road. This is a tactic to be used against bandits and criminals.

If the local law is sanctioning ambush/murder/looting of travelers/refugees, eventually someone will pay for that.

Ambush is not the way to deal with an anticipated flow of unwanted "City Folks". A checkpoint with color-of-law and escorts for travelers through the controlled area, or the option to detour with some info about what to expect, is the way to do things.

It will be easy enough to get killed or die "naturally" that any town or organization based on the idea that civilization is a good thing will make some effort to preserve lives as it is possible to do so without risk to the locals.

Some "city people" will be very much wanted: mechanics with tools, nurse specialists, dentists, MD-GP's, mechanical engineers, electrical engineer/engineering technician, carpenters, and the list goes on of people who would make a good addition to a small town but can't make much of a living there in "normal" times.

Wouldn't it be great for the rural economy if these "special" people could pre-arrange a situation and pre-position supplies and wealth with a local family? It would be best if the local family were relations, but they need not be.

Cheers.

Stephen Boyd said...

Great Post! I love Praxis!
Rawles book Patriots has alot of info on security while traveling.

LOL! Ditto anon!

I don't understand why night vision is such a great thing to have. After reading Poole's Phantom Soldier, I came to the conclusion that they were more trouble than they were worth. Why not just train in a dark environment frequently? Any thoughts?

BTW, just in passing, some of the links need to be updated to the Absolved chapters. Horton's blog is gone.

chris horton said...

Stephen Boyd,
My computers were infected with a virus recently. When I tried to reboot Mindful Musings from a seperate saved file,it infected my laptops as well.

Sorry for the inconvinience to anyone. Not sure what I'm gonna do now,but I'm still here.

CIII

CorbinKale said...

Stephen Boyd,

One look through a PVS14 is worth 1000 shots in the dark. Reading is invaluable, but try to find someone close by with a Gen III scope that will give you a peek. Once you see it, you will understand. The advantage is terribly unfair, just the way I like it.

EBR+Eotech/IRlaser+PVS14=security

^Hawk^ said...

I play a 26 hour tactical type paintball. I run with an ATN 3x Gen 3 NV Weapon Scope at night. I also mount a green laser with an IR flip cap. When we play at night it is as easy as point and shoot, and the opposing players have no idea when you are since they can't see the laser. Several of my teammates have head mounted nightvision and they say that it is an incredible step up from having it gun mounted.

I'm heading down to Florida for Labor Day weekend to play paintball at Camp Blanding in Starke. They allow us to play in the MOUT site a few times a year. There should be around 400-500 guys there this time.

If anyone is interested in more info to attend a future game, email me at Hawk at fuse dot net

I should be able to scrounge up some pictures of the facility, it's an amazing place to play and train.

^Hawk^
III