Table III lists 317 published, quantitative, international studies and their essential characteristics. This Table provides these characteristics in one place and thus avoids the necessity of repeating them in the text of this Vol. 4: War, Power, Peace when a study's results are used or referred to several times.

A number of qualifications and considerations should be taken into account in using the Table.

• It is a comprehensive, but not complete list of quantitative studies in international relations, nor does it necessarily include all such relevant studies. Before writing the empirical parts of this book, I took a year to review all the quantitative international relations studies available in the University of Hawaii Library and my personal collection (both reduced in number by student-colleague attrition), and noted those studies with relevant and competent results.¹ Thus, the table includes only studies personally available in Hawaii and whose quantitative results were used in this Vol. 4: War, Power, Peace.

• Cross-national, comparative, quantitative studies are ordinarily excluded, unless their results also involve relevant international relations and foreign policy variables.

• Some mainly qualitative studies or surveys are included if they provide a systematic review of the literature or results, or tabulate relevant data.

• One or more studies by the same author may be listed together, (e.g., Dowly, 1970, 1971) if they share most of the same characteristics and most of their results overlap. Multiple listing does not mean the studies are identical, however.

• The characteristics tabulated for each study are the essential parameters for gauging the usefulness of its results: sample, data periods, variables, and methods. Clearly, a study of war and alliances for 10 states for 1951 will be less important for most purposes here than one for war and 40 independent variables for all known empires since 2,000 B.C.

• The characteristics tabulated are only for the results used here, and not necessarily for the central analysis of a work. My purpose is to relate these characteristics to the evidence I use, and not to characterize a publication for general usage.

• A study is listed in Table III if it is listed in one of the six tables of evidence: 9A.1, 15A.2, 15A.4, 16C.3, 17A.3, and 18A.2. The only exception to this is the additional 48 unpublished studies (projects) referred to in Appendix I and described therein.