Dear Charles,

Okay, let's give you the benefit of the doubt and assume you are serious, and not just pulling my leg. Keep your sense of humor; because you are way, way off the track and you will need that sense of humor.

First, you must think much deeper; that's far too shallow, and it has nothing at all to do with a transformer or a severely modified transformer such as the MEG. Or with any other legitimate COP>1.0 EM power system (there are at least 20 or more by various inventors and researchers, in the U.S. alone).  Since NOT A SINGLE OVERUNITY EM POWER SYSTEM SAVE THE COMMON SOLAR CELL HAS BEEN PRODUCED BY OUR ENTIRE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM, then either the university system (specifically the electrical engineering departments) is way off the track, or else COP>1.0 EM systems are impossible.  But then there is that crazy solar cell that has COP = infinity, so COP>1.0 EM systems are definitely possible. It only takes one white crow to prove that not all crows are black.

Try thinking about it this way.

E.g., consider a permanent magnet.  It has so-called "static" magnetic fields reaching out into space indefinitely.  But those fields are made of photons.  Hey!  A photon in space is moving at light speed.  Else you must discard much of modern physics entirely.  As Van Flandern pointed out, this kind of "static" is like a waterfall, not a FROZEN waterfall!  In a common waterfall, if it's perfect we see it as a beautiful, static form, just sitting there.  Yet we know that inside it is made of moving components, every one of which is in motion and continuously being replaced by those coming along behind it. Yet the "perfect" waterfall sits there in pristine beauty, as if it were "static".  It is NOT STATIC, BUT IN NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY STATE. It has a constant input of water flow, and a constant output of water flow.

A source charge is also in a steady state, and it is in disequilibrium as well. To really get that solidly expressed, one needs to see how the charge appears in quantum field theory, and what it does.  The "isolated charge" is really a very special kind of dipolarity, and it really does exhibit broken symmetry of opposite charges. Therefore, it really is continuously absorbing subquantal (virtual) photons from the vacuum, coherently integrating the energy into observable size, and re-emitting observable photons in all directions.  The basis for that has been in particle physics since 1957, with a Nobel Prize given to Lee and Yang for predicting that (among other broken symmetries).

Yet in the nearly half century since then, it hasn't migrated from the physics department across the campus to the electrical engineering department, so they would change their terribly obsolete and flawed Maxwell-Heaviside electrodynamics model.

Every EM field and potential and joule of energy in an electrical circuit comes from the associated charges in that circuit.  Further, the energy is taken directly from the vacuum in unusual (virtual photon) form, and transduced into the real EM fields and potentials and their energy.  NONE of that energy comes from transducing the mechanical energy used to crank the shaft of the generator, or the chemical energy dissipated in a battery.

So okay, now accept for a moment that real, observable photons are pouring out of the two poles (the two opposite magnetic charges) of the magnet, continuously --- else there would be no photons available and no fields either, in the circuit or the earth or anywhere else.

There are no OBSERVABLE photons pouring INTO the permanent magnet or its poles, as can easily be proven in the lab by just isolating the permanent magnet.  The permanent magnet doesn't care whether the Earth's magnetic field is there or not.  Doesn't bother it at all.  Try measuring to see.

Okay, where does the energy come from that pours continuously out of the poles of that permanent magnet? What is FURNISHING the energy in the first place?  What FORM is the energy received in?  Why can't the incoming energy be detected? Why is it that the answers to those questions have been in particle physics for more that four decades, and still have not made it into electrical engineering?

Or, to quote B. P. Kosyakov,  "Radiation in electrodynamics and in Yang-Mills theory,"  Soviet. Phys. Usp. 35(2), Feb. 1992, p. 135-142. Quoting, p. 135: "A generally acceptable, rigorous definition of radiation has not as yet been formulated." Again quoting from p. 141: "The recurring question has been: Why is it that an electric charge radiates but does not absorb light waves despite the fact that the Maxwell equations are invariant under time reversal?"

Sen summed it up nicely several decades ago, when he stated: "The connection between the field and its source has always been and still is the most difficult problem in classical and quantum electrodynamics." [D. K. Sen, Fields and/or Particles, Academic Press, London and New York, 1968, p. viii.].

Forget electrical power engineering; that model does not even address the problem, cannot and does not answer it, nor does it answer what really powers every electrical circuit and every EM device. Every EM circuit and device ever built is actually powered by the active vacuum, via the energy furnished in unusual form to every charge, absorbed and transduced by the charge into real EM energy, which is then re-radiated to form and continuously replenish the ordinary EM fields and potentials and their energy.

Eerily, the common electrical engineering model (Maxwell-Heaviside electrodynamics) implicitly does assume that every EM field and EM potential and joule of EM energy comes from the associated source charges.  Yes indeed. Yet in that same model the source charges have no OBSERVABLE input of energy into them at all, or any other form of input energy, as is easily verified experimentally. There went your notion that the MEG is tapping the Earth's magnetic field. The MEG and every other EM system and circuit is actually tapping the energy of the vacuum, via its source charges.

So everything you studied in electrical engineering and everything that your university professor taught you, assumed that every EM field, every  EM potential, and every joule of energy in the universe is and has been freely created out of nothing at all.

This problem (called "the most difficult problem in electrodynamics" for decades, but hidden and purged from the texts because it is so embarrassing) is not taught to students. Most of the professors also just get angry anymore if it is pointed out, and they themselves were not taught it when they were students.

But either one can solve that source charge problem in his model, or else his model assumes that the conservation of energy law is false, because every charge, field, potential, and joule of EM energy in the universe then is assumed to violate energy conservation by freely creating energy out of nothing at all.

There is no place to run and rationalize this one away, if you are a serious researcher.  If you are not a serious researcher, then you are wasting both your time and mine.  Either one believes in and accepts creation of energy from nothing at all (as unwittingly do the present electrical engineers, professors, and texts) and assume the total falsification of energy conservation (as unwittingly do the electrical engineers, professors, and texts) or else the present electrodynamics (electrical engineering) is incredibly flawed and some of its foundations are just flat wrong and should have been corrected long ago.  Such as assuming that there is no active vacuum exchange (falsified for more than seven decades in particle physics) and that spacetime is flat (falsified since 1916 by general relativity).  So the electrical engineering model you have in your head is rather seriously flawed, and much of it is already flatly refuted by modern physics.

One must ask: Have you read what broken symmetry is, when and how it was discovered, etc.?  Do you realize what the proven asymmetry of opposite charges means, or that the common "isolated charge" of classical theory is actually a dipolarity of special nature in quantum field theory and thus exhibits the asymmetry of opposite charges?

Here's another thing you need to know and understand. If you don't understand it but are serious, then your job is to study this area till you understand what I'm talking about.  This is hard science.  One of the areas that is KNOWN AND RECOGNIZED to violate present thermodynamics is strong gradients -- such as very fast pulse rise times and decay times.  As Kondepudi and Prigogine state in their book, Modern Thermodynamics, p. 459, not much is known about strong gradients, either experimentally or theoretically.

But they are KNOWN to violate present thermodynamics. Now in the MEG, we deliberately use sharp gradients on the rise time and decay time of our input pulses. If you don't understand why we do that, you have zero understanding of the MEG.

So don't worry about what powers the MEG, until you know how a magnet produces its fields and potentials in the first place, or how an electrical charge produces its fields and potentials, or what a toroidal coil does, or what sharp-edged input pulses do to that same toroidal coil.  What you studied DOES NOT TELL YOU HOW THE CHARGE PRODUCES THE FIELDS AND POTENTIALS, and it does not tell you how anything electrical is really powered.

The major factor in enabling COP>1.0 of the MEG is the Aharonov-Bohm effect that it employs.  And by the way, how many scientific papers on the Aharonov Bohm effect have you personally read and studied?  A single one?  There are some 20,000 or so papers on it in the hard physics literature, and on its generalization to the Berry phase (just go to Michael Berry's website and download some excellent papers!), and on the further generalization to geometric phase by Aharonov and Anandan.  Have you even read the basic coverage of the Aharonov-Bohm effect that Feynman includes in his three volumes of sophomore physics published in 1963?  Until you understand the AB effect, there is no way in this world that you can understand what powers the MEG.

Take a simple toroidal coil, e.g. -- a good one. Input some voltage and current (power). Consider a perfect toroid, for theory's sake.  All the magnetic field energy that your input energy transduced into, is now localized within the inside of the coils of that toroid.  Not a joule exists outside the toroid.  And that "confined" energy is exactly equal in magnitude to the energy you yourself input and paid for.  Yet also, outside the toroid there now has appeared a whale of a lot of additional EM energy in unusual form: the curl-free magnetic vector potential A.  Hey!  You did not input ANY EXTRA energy in order to get that EXTRA energy freely there outside the toroidal coil.

So where did and does that extra energy come from?  How did it get there? Why did it appear when you yourself did not input that extra energy?  And how did this stupid little toroid wind up having more total EM energy in it and outside it, than you yourself input to it and paid for?

When you understand that, you will understand the operation of the MEG.  So long as you don't, you won't have the foggiest notion how the MEG works.

Look at it this way.  If building a working COP>1.0 EM system were really extremely simple, then all those hundreds of thousands of sharp young graduate students and post doctoral scientists we have produced at our universities in the last century would have done this thing a long, long time ago. They didn't, and neither did their professors.  It isn't simple, and it isn't in your electricity manual or your electrical engineering textbook or your electrical engineering professor's head.  IF IT WERE, THE CONVENTIONAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS WOULD HAVE DONE THIS A LONG LONG TIME AGO, AND DONE IT VERY, VERY WELL! WE DO PRODUCE VERY SHARP AND CAPABLE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS! WE JUST TEACH THEM A HORRIBLY FLAWED EM MODEL, SO THAT THEY WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO DEVELOP A WORKING FREE ENERGY EM POWER SYSTEM IF THEY BUILD IT ALWAYS ACCORDING TO THEIR MODEL, EXPERIENCE, AND TRAINING.

Please do some much deeper studying in areas that actually bear on the overunity problem if you are really serious.  Otherwise, with off the cuff stuff, you are not even in the ball game and have not even found the ball park, much less the game.

Best wishes and hang in there,

Tom Bearden

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Dear Webmaster:

My thinking is that the MEG's permanent magnet is able to "strip" electrical energy from the Earth's magnetic field... which gets it's energy from the solar wind... which comes from the sun! Is the "vacuum energy" that Tom Bearden describes just the Earth's magnetic field? I'm guessing that Tesla's tuned coil work - electrical change pump, in essence - of the past did the same thing as the MEG does. Any comments?

Charles V.

St. Louis, MO