Here we summarize the characteristics of electromagnetic waves in vacuum. 
            They are scalar longitudinal waves of alternate compression and rarefaction of the vacuum virtual particle flux. 
            That is, they are waves of electrostatic potential. 
            They are zero-vector waves. 
            They are internally structured and patterned. 
            They usually contain electron "spin holes" unless made in a fashion so as to make opposing spin holes that cancel each other. 
            Since they are pure phi-waves, they need not be limited in velocity to the speed of light. 
            They are hyperspatial waves. 
            They are waves in virtual state itself. 

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